Natural Destruction And Manmade Destruction - 1379 Words

From the many articles read, analyzed and summarized, some common themes that stroke me as interesting were the effects of natural destruction and manmade destruction to the environment and the attempts of man to now reverse their harm. There is already enough natural destruction in the world that creates more than enough harm. An earthquake in Alaska that had a magnitude of 6.8 (Week 4- Article 1), an earthquake in Taiwan that had a magnitude of 6.4 (Week 2- Article 1), another earthquake in Oklahoma that had a magnitude of 5.1 (Week 5- Article 1), and many more all that happened in just the first four months of the New Year. But when adding manmade destruction, the environment’s risk has increased drastically. Many major companies have†¦show more content†¦It was just always done to provide faster and cheaper products to us consumers without thinking about what production meant for the environment. For instance, in the ABC news article from week 7 talks about the reasons for fracking. Cheap gas has been viewed as a clean energy source when in fact it actually emits greenhouse gases and cheap gas all credited to fracking. In fact, it’s made gas so plentiful in the US that the US has begun to export it. But fracking is actually very detrimental. A watchdog nonprofit group has calculated that if 44 large scale petrochemical developments were built like planned in 2015, it would have caused as much pollution as 19 new coal fired power plants. In Louisiana, their projects would produce 68 million tons of CO2 every year, or as much as 15new coal power plants. Natural gas is essential for many products, such as plastics and fertilizers. These projects have the potential to produce 86 million tons of greenhouse gases every year. (Week 7- Article 1) Another example of unintentional manmade harm just for America’s consumption needs is discussed in an article from New York Daily News from week 10. One way America is driven is by fast food and how to make it healthy and ethical. So while places like McDonalds and Subway are pledging for antibiotic free meats, there is a big catch. Antibiotic free meats equals more animals killed, more water used andShow MoreRelatedWells The Time Machine Wells1495 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology and view that it is vital for survival and progress, while he is juxtaposed into a world of simple natural living in â€Å"perfect comfort and security† (Wells 28). This contrast of technology’s necessity between the Time Traveller and the inhabitants of the year 802,701 exemplifies Well’s deeper point that humans are dependent on and abuse technology, leading to the ultimate destruction of humanity itself. When the Time Traveller first arrives in the year 802,701 he encountered the Eloi peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of Koyaanisqatsi And If A Tree Falls1734 Words   |  7 Pagesever growing technological advancements, there is a mounting concern for humanity’s impact on the longevity of the earth’s natural environment (Gibson 2002). From this concern, the ideology of environmentalism has emerged as a strong social movement, bent on the perusal of a viable future, through the implementation of culturally defined responsibilities towards the natural world (Gibson 2002). Through the progression of cinema, environmentalism has become an issue that has received wide publicityRead MoreCommunity Disaster Assessment and Planning Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity Disaster Assessment and Planning The potential for natural and manmade disasters is a constant threat, especially in today’s world of climate change, political upheaval, and global unrest and terrorist activity. Due to the many potentiating factors that substantially increase the potential and threat of disaster it is necessary that at a national, state, county, and community level plans are in place for immediate response and action. The threat of disaster is a global, national, stateRead MoreThe Environmental Degradation Of Natural Resources1435 Words   |  6 PagesThe environmental degradation of natural resources, such as fresh water resources and fish or sea live stocks have become burning issue of potentially violent conflict between the nations. There are numerous historical examples that related to this issue. For example, the Ethiopian decision to store Nile water behind the walls of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam have brought ongoing tension between the Egypt, the Ethiopia and Sudan. The second characteristic is the relationship between environmentRead MoreThe Effects of Wildfires1348 Words   |  6 Pagessize of Massachusetts and Connecticut combined† (U.S. Wildfires). Destroying homes, crops, towns and of course forests. Yet the effects of these fires can be seen from a negative perspective as well as some positive. Plus there are natural causes as well as manmade that makes these destructive fires erupt and become almost unstoppable in seconds. Wildfires have been a major issue for many years; with the first one being recorded over four hundred and twenty million years ago the world realizedRead MoreWhat is a Disaster?888 Words   |  3 Pagessocial and economic activity due to natural or other causes that results in widespread or severe damage, injury and/or loss of life or property† . Disasters are also defined as â€Å"a crisis situation causing wide spread damage which far exceed our ability to recover† . It is a devastation, or a tragedy in an any area, coming from natural upheavals or human endeavours, or by misfortune which leads to a substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property . The UN defines itRead MoreInformative Speech On Hurricanes813 Words   |  4 PagesTOPIC: Hurricanes GENERAL PURPOSE: To inform SPECIFIC PURPOSE: I want my audience to be informed and learn more about this natural disaster called a hurricane. THESIS STATEMENT: One of nature’s most powerful and destructive storms are hurricanes. Although they can be deadly to humans and animals and have been known to cause extensive destruction, they also play a very important and beneficial role on Earth. Attention Getter: Thesis/Preview of Main Points: Today I am going to be talking toRead MoreIntroduction. After Reading Over The Current Service Level1064 Words   |  5 Pagesrecommended to protect all parties involved and should be applied to the SLA in this case. Finman Account Management, the chief concern is to provide guidelines within the SLA that address data protection, authorized use, sharing of data, and retention/destruction of data. Furthermore, Finman is devoted to protecting intellectual property, patents, and copyright while also safeguarding physical property. Statement of Intent Modifications The processes above will rely on risk management as a critical toolRead MoreThe Killer Wave And Tsunami1213 Words   |  5 PagesJapan, I was still skeptical about just how much damage a wave of water could create. Surprisingly, seven years later, the Japanese tsunami of 2011 would give me a crash course in flora, fauna and structural destruction. To begin, the resilient flora of the area is not immune to the destruction of this cataclysmic event. Ironically, I was sailing off northeastern coast of Honshu right above the earthquake that afternoon on the USS Ronald Reagan. I was a primary guide for the rescue helicopters pilotsRead MoreEndangered Animals Are Endangered Species1411 Words   |  6 PagesNot many people know about endangered animals or what makes them endangered. Animals have been endangered and going extinct for over 635 million years. Although extinction is a natural phenomenon, it occurs at a natural â€Å"background† rate of about one to five species per year. Scientists estimate that we’re now losing species at 1,000 to 10,000 times the background rate, with dozens going extinct every day. As many as 30 to 50 percent of all species could possibly be heading toward extinction by mid-century

Factors That Influence Leadership Style Of Leadership

Technology and technology- change is not the reason for these 11 companies became great. These companies study the new technology and pick the right one that suites their company and use it to their advantage. The success of these great companies does not happen overnight. Each company went through a quite, thoughtful process of figuring out what needed to be done to create the best future for the company. Taking one step at a time until they reach their breakthrough moments (Collins, 2001, p. 165). After reading Good to Great, there are several concepts that are different from the Hersey and Blanchard textbook and from the information from the readings that I did from different sources for the previous assignment and class discussions. Jim’s book level 5 leadership is needed for the company to be great. Not all leaders have level 5 characteristics, but it does not mean that you can not be an effective leader. There are many factors that influence one style of leadership. Leadership skills can be developed if you know your strengths and weaknesses. Through time, leadership can be changed by the experiences, different situations and challenges we encounter in life. Vision is fundamental in leading an organization . In Hersey’s book to be an effective leader, one should create mission, vision first to drive the company on the path where he/she wants the organization to achieve. Vision, mission and values align the employees to a common goal that makes a Show MoreRelatedEssay about Understanding Leadership1102 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding leadership Learner name: Learner registration number: Note: The ‘lines/box’ below a question is for guidance purposes only. Marks are not deducted for writing more. It is perfectly acceptable for all answers to be continued on additional forms provided they are attached to the assignment when making a submission. The availability of the form electronically allows learners to expand the ‘lines/box’ as required. | UNDERSTAND LEADERSHIP STYLES 1.1 Describe the factors that willRead MoreAnalysis of Leadership Theories958 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Theories Analysis Leadership theories These leadership theories are grouped in trait theories, behavioral theories, contingency theories, and power and influence theories. Trait theories focus on the traits and skills that successful leaders must have. Initially, these theories state that these skills are innate, but research shows that individuals can also develop such skills and become leaders. Behavioral theories focus on other issues, like the behavior of leaders within their teamsRead MoreTheories Of Leadership And Leadership974 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of Leadership Introduction It is true that leadership and leadership theories in general, are not scientifically precise in nature. For example, some may argue that going into an apprentice program have a higher level of task-relevance education and/or experience in the field you choose. A higher relevance than a degree in Liberal Arts. Thus, one must evaluate the apprentice program and accept the responsibility of doing the apprentice work. A degree in Liberal Arts scientifically, isRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1330 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Leadership? Why are there so many types of Leadership? Which one is the right one? These are all important questions people who are trying to lead ask. John Maxwell a well-known author on leadership stated simply â€Å"Leadership is influence†. There are numerous types of leadership styles, they all have their strong points about them, and depending who you are the circumstances can dictate which type of person with what type of leadership style will be successful. In this paper I will discussRead MoreThe Teacher Leadership Compensation Model Es say1245 Words   |  5 Pagesof the literature pertaining to educational leadership, including general theoretical concepts of effective leaders, trends in educational leadership, effective personal leadership traits of school leaders, and the Iowa Teacher Leadership Compensation model. First, this review provides a foundation by examining theoretical concepts in general leadership theories. It focuses on historical trends in general leadership as we as general personal leadership traits of effective leaders. Next, this reviewRead MoreEffective Leadership Styles Within The Workplace1584 Words   |  7 PagesEffective leadership styles Abstract An effective leader influences their employees in a desired manner to achieve goals and objectives. Different leadership styles can affect an organization’s effectiveness and performance. The objective of this paper is to analyze the review of literature on various leadership styles over the past years and how effective and ineffective different leadership styles are in the workplace. Introduction A leader is defined as a person with responsibility to influenceRead MoreConcept Of An Advancing Leadership Style1660 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept of an Advancing Leadership Style. I will identify the characteristics of a leader, and the external and internal environments that would play a part in any leadership style. Additionally, I will demonstrate how this leadership model assists in moving the organization forward in the direction of the mission or goal and assist in defining the organizational culture. Finally, I will show how this model is useful to the leader and followers by comparing other leadership models and their effectsRead MoreTheories Of Leadership Styles And Job Satisfaction Among Employees Serve As Predictors Of Innovation1399 Words   |  6 Pagescontingency theory, Adams’ Equity Theory, Herzberg’s Two Factor theory, and the transformational-transactional organizational theories of leadership. Traditional leadership and motivational theories have f ailed to address how leadership styles and job satisfaction among employees serve as predictors of innovation in organizations. The strategic literature highlights leadership style and employee job satisfaction as an especially important influence on organizational innovation (Garcia-Morales, Jimenez-BarrionuevoRead MoreTest 1: Leadership Management Essays1103 Words   |  5 PagesTrue - A factor common to the leadership classification systems is the view of leadership as a process of influence. True - According to Burns, followers should remember that their leaders are above them and act accordingly. False - An individual perceived by other group members as influential can only be an assigned leader, not an emergent one. False - Followers usually are responsible for maintaining the relationship with leaders. False - Kotter argues that managerial and leadership functionsRead MoreLeadership Theory : Transformational And Transactional Leadership Theories1137 Words   |  5 Pagessituational leadership. In some instances, situational leadership is part of a broader theory and vice versa. Related theories include transformational and transactional leadership, contingency theory, path-goal theory, and personality theories. Life Cycle Theory was not included since situational leadership originated from Life Cycle Theory. Transformational and Transactional Leadership Theories According to McCleskey (2014), transformational leadership theory is the most studied leadership theory

Marketing Management Assignment

Question: Write an essay on Marketing Management. Answer: In todays excessively competitive market, it is important to supervise and evaluate the performance of a particular company, so as to have a comprehensive idea about the performance of the company, and to examine what are the factors that still require attention for improvement. In the words of Harrington, the Performance improvement expert, performance measurement is vital to the success of a company, as it will lead to gradual improvement and growth. Woolworths is a very eminent brand of grocery store chain, located in Australia, and it accounts for approximately 80% of the Australian market. For the sake of evaluation of the marketing condition and its future prospect, Woolworths has adopted the marketing metrics to provide the framework against which it can calculate the total sale, or the response of the customers to a newly introduced product, etc (Spiller etal. 2015). Marketing metrics can be of various types, such as behavioral metrics, memory metrics, financial metrics, physical availability metrics, etc. (Mooradian etal. 2013). Financial metrics of a firm is determined by the profit contribution of a brand. Woolworths, calculates this by deducting its sales revenue from direct cost. Again, Customer Lifeline metrics are used to evaluate the net profit, the company can expect to achieve in future from its potential customers. Recently, the brand manager of Woolworths, is found saying that the company has, so far, chiefly focused on the customer oriented metrics, evaluating their business performance solely based on customers Shares and Likes; but now Melanie Baker proposes to monitor its market performance, by calculating its net sales. (Lamest etal. 2014). Woolworths, Baker says, has a pre-determined target, as to how much net sale it expects at the end of a particular month or a financial period. It will take the help of a Waterfall graph to evaluate and understand, each day, what per cent of the goal is getting achieved. This will be done by having an X-axis, which represents each day available over a period, and a Y-axis that shows the target set for each day. This can actually help them to manage its activities, and work per day, keeping in mind the exact figure required to fulfill the demand of that particular day (Shafi etal. 2013). The company is also using memory metrics with much concentration. It is not only focusing on offering best quality service to the customers, but also improving brand image by introducing greater amount of discount coupons to the customers, without compromising with the quality. They are also offering round the clock service of grocery supply to its customers, unlike its competitors. If the official website of Woolworths is offering any discount or attractive offer to draw the attention of the customers, it should be able to analyze how many consumers are attracted towards the offer, or rather how much prospect does the offer hold for collecting customers for the firm. The Call-in Action or CTA is another example of marketing metric which helps Woolworths to understand how many customers have visited the official business page and much precisely how many of them have clicked on the pages CTA to view the specific offer. The behavioral metrics are used by Woolworths, as well to ensure that the employees, hired exhibit the right kind of attitude required for ensuring future success. Before selecting a franchisee or hiring an employee, it makes sure that their aptitude matches well with the required set of qualities and skills. Bounce Rate metrics, that provides the firm quantitative information, as to how many have visited the page, and then left it by clicking on a different page. If the Bounce rate is lower than 4 % , it means that a firm is not able to offer productive service to the consumers (Fraser etal. 2013). Physical availability metrics are used by a company, to make sure that it can reach out to greater number of customers. Woolworths, provides grocery to its customers, as and when they need it. Further, it is located in different localities of Australia; even the company is planning to set up new outlets in the remotest corners of the nation, to ensure that their service can be offered to a wide range of customers. It is not sufficient to work and invest towards attaining revenue at the end of a financial year; the firm should be able to calculate quantitatively how far it is growing and evolving, and to what extent its future prospects can meet its target (Marshall etal. 2014); Woolworths aims to achieve the same target. Reference List: Spiller, L. and Tuten, T., 2015. Integrating Metrics Across the Marketing Curriculum The Digital and Social Media Opportunity.Journal of Marketing Education,37(2), pp.114-126. Mooradian, T., Matzler, K. and Ring, L., 2013.Strategic Marketing: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed. Lamest, M. and Brady, M., 2014, July. HOW DO MANAGERS USE MARKETING AND FINANCIAL METRICS IN THE CONTEXT OF MARKETING MIX DECISION MAKING?. InGMC Session8(pp. 1550-1561). Fraser, J.A., 2013. Exploring marketing metrics used in innovative companies. Marshall, K.P., Forrest, P.J. and McGorry, S., 2014. MARKETING METRICS WORKSHOP: ACME 2014.Patrick D. Fountain, p.239. Shafi, S.I. and Madhavaiah, C., 2013. MEASURING MARKETING PERFORMANCE: A REVIEW OF METRICS.Asian Journal of Research in Marketing,2(2), p.1.

Othello a Tragic Hero free essay sample

Shakespeare develops the characters into fully realized human beings, with their own names, personalities, and ways of looking at the world. Othello is the protagonist of the play. He is a combination of greatness and weakness, in his own words an honourable murderer. He is a general in the Venetian defense forces. Although he is a foreigner from Africa, he has been promoted this position by excellence in the field of war. He has courage, intelligence, the skill of command, and the respect of his troops. But Othello’s characteristics lead him to demonstrate his hamartia. There are Othello’s three tragic flaws that cause his downfall. The first and most important one is his green-eyed monster, jealousy. Second is his insecurities. And the last one is his poor judgement. Othello trusts the wrong person and mistrusts those who are most loyal to him. Shakespeare uses Othello’s three characteristics to be the causes that lead Othello to make his life fall apart and end up as a tragic hero. We will write a custom essay sample on Othello a Tragic Hero or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the play Othello, many of the characters have jealousy which is causing them to commit acts outside of their normal personalities. Iago, Emilia, Bianca, Roderigo and Othello all display jealousy throughout the play, though each finds resolution in a different way. Othellos jealousy against Desdemona is the strongest emotion in the play. The jealousy he experiences turns him insane with anger, and he loses all ability to see reasons. The first instance that instills doubt in Othellos mind is Brabantios warning that one day Desdemona will deceive him just like she does to her father. This doubt allows Iago to use Othellos jealousy, and plan to take advantage of Othello. Iago gradually leaks his poison into Othello and soon has the result he desires. Othello is overcome with jealousy. Othello continuously denies his jealousy, but it is apparent that he is losing his mind with the thought of Desdemonas adultery. Soon after, with Iagos help Othello believes to see undeniable proof that Desdemona is unfaithful with the loss of the handkerchief. Othellos jealousy soon turns to rage as he struggles to cope. He accuses Desdemona of infidelity. Though Desdemona denies it, Othello is not convinced. Othello believes he has no other way to resolve his doubt than to murder Desdemona. After Desdemonas death, the truth is uncovered, and Othello chooses to commit suicide. Because Othello’s jealousy easily makes him feel violated and betrayed. The feeling of betrayal by Desdemona who he trusts is one of the most hurtful emotions Othello can feel. His jealousy turns into anger and he ends up killing himself and Desdemona. Jealousy is the major reason that causes Othello to become a tragic hero. Another cause that leads Othello to be a downfall on hero is his insecurity. Othello is an outsider who is intelligent and confident in military matters but socially insecure. He leads an intense life, swinging between triumph and dread. Othello is different from those around him, due to his origins and his life history, but he shares their religion, values, and nationalism to Venice. More importantly, Othello is visibly different due to the color of his skin, so he lives constantly among, but separated from, other people. Whenever they look at his black face, however brilliant a general he is, he knows the others are thinking that he is not really one of them. Shakespeare presents this fact in the dialogue and also in the staging of the play. Othello is referred to as The Moor a representative African, while others go by their personal names and are seen as independent individuals. When other characters call him black, they refer to his face but also to the concept of races. White is honor, black is wickedness; white is innocence, black is guilt. Thus, throughout the play Othello feels insecure. And he realizes the reason why Desdemona loves him because of his power and position as a general not because of his skin color and who he really is. Othello’s social insecurity leads him to easily trust Iago on Desdemona’s infidelity and turn himself to be in a downfall. The last characteristics that makes Othello to be a tragic hero in the play is his poor judgement. Othello’s misjudgment towards trusting the characters who betray him, and mistrusting the loyal and faithful characters who obey him, play the major role in his downfall. Throughout the play Shakespeare creates Iago as being a deceiving liar, but to Othello, Iago is nothing except an honest man. Othello’s naive mind leads him to believe that Iago is an honest man, which result in a deadly mistake. Othello also puts all his trust in Iago. Othello places his marriage with Desdemona in great despair. Othello accuses Desdemona of giving the handkerchief to Cassio. Desdemona denies to him that she has not given Cassio anything. As Desdemona is lying on her bed, she pleads to Othello her innocence, and swearing that she has never told a lie to him, Othello refuses to believe anything Desdemona is confessing to him. Only if Othello kept waiting longer to see more ocular evidences, he would have known the truth that Desdemona and Cassio are loyal and faithful people in his life and he would not have ended up as a tragic hero. Othello is a play of a tragic hero. Othello’s three main characteristics which cause him a downfall. Firstly, Othellos tragic flaw would most likely be his jealousy. This is brought on by simple persuasion by Iago. Even though Iago used extreme manipulation to get Othello to be jealous, Iago does not really have to try very hard to get Othello in a jealous state of mind. Othello is blinded by his jealousy which lead him down a path of questioning of his wife, Desdemona and his officer, Cassio. Throughout the play we see Othello sink deeper and deeper into a cloud of doubt which eventually leads him to kill not only his wife but also himself. Moreover, there are his insecurities. Othellos insecurities are so close to the surface that a few words of hint from Iago can tear the confident exterior and expose his fears, desires, and tendency to violence. Lastly is his poor judgement that leads him to believe in what Iago tells him about Desdemona’s affair. Othello has no alternative way of thinking to find more proofs to ensure what he already knows from Iago is true or not. In Othello, the protagonist’s downfall is caused by his own actions.

Main Cause of Crime and Poverty in India Essay Example

Main Cause of Crime and Poverty in India Essay Example Main Cause of Crime and Poverty in India Essay Main Cause of Crime and Poverty in India Essay QUESTIONNAIRE 1) What do you think is the main cause of poverty in India? Unemployment Poor parenting skill Lack of free government institutions Urbanization 2) What do you think is the main cause of crime in India among the poor? Poor education support The absence of social control Urbanisation Any other- please specify 3) Do you think crime is more prevalent among the lower social standings or among the higher class? Higher class Lower class 4) Do you think crime is more prevalent among the educated or the uneducated? Educated Uneducated 5) What are the reasons for crime among the educated class? Peer pressure Aggression Low self control Poor supervision by parents 6) If social media is responsible for the incidences of crime. Which of these social media may be a cause of crime? Choose any two from the following responsible for it according to you. Newspapers Television Cinema Internet Social networking sites employment Give free education opportunities Make the law stricter Eradicate quota system for education and Jobs Free vocational training for youth till 12th std 8) Do you think the government is working towards decreasing the number of crimes taking place in India? Yes No Maybe 9) If yes, what two steps do you think the government should take to decrease the number of crimes in India? 10) Do you think the government is working towards eradicating poverty in India? Yes 11) If yes, what two steps do you think the government should take to eradicate poverty in India? Thank you for your co-operation.

The Biography of Irene Parlby

The Biography of Irene Parlby Born in England to a well-off family, Irene Parlby never planned to be a politician. She immigrated to Alberta and with her husband became a homesteader. Her efforts to help improve the lives of rural Alberta women and children led her into the United Farm Women of Alberta, where she became president. From there she was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta and became the first woman cabinet minister in Alberta. Irene Parlby was also one of the Famous Five Alberta women who fought and won the political and legal battle in the Persons Case to have women recognized as persons under the BNA Act. Birth: January 9, 1868, in London, EnglandDeath: July 12, 1965, in Red Deer, AlbertaProfessions: Womens rights activist, Alberta MLA, and cabinet ministerPolitical Affiliation: United Farmers of AlbertaRiding (Electoral District): Lacombe Causes of Irene Parlby For most of her career, Irene Parlby worked to improve the rights and welfare of rural women and children, including improving their health and education. The Career of Irene Parlby Irene Parlby was president of the United Farm Women of Alberta from 1916 to 1919.She was a member of the Board of Governors of the University of Alberta and helped form policies for the faculty of extension, which provided educational materials for rural communities.Irene Parlby was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in 1921.In 1921 Irene Parlby was appointed Minister without portfolio, the first woman to become a cabinet minister in Alberta. She was the second woman to become a provincial cabinet minister in Canada.As a cabinet minister, Irene Parlby established traveling medical clinics and was a proponent of distance education.Irene Parlby introduced the Minimum Wage for Women Act in 1925.Irene Parlby was one of the Famous Five in the Persons Case which established the status of women as persons under the BNA Act in 1929.She was Canadian delegate to the League of Nations in 1930.Irene Parlby retired from the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in 1935.In 1935 Irene P arlby became the first woman to be awarded an honorary doctorate of law from the University of Alberta.

Law for Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Law for Managers - Essay Example The Act operates by enforcing a broad range of regulations by public or government ministries through the use of statutory instruments which since 1974 have given rise to specific provisions for different industries, risks and disciplines. It is against this backdrop that avenues for public supervision were enforced such as the Health and Safety Executive and Health and Safety Commission were set up. To ensure that the provisions of the Act are binding, the state sanctions the use of instruments of coercion such as the imposition of criminal sanctions, fines and prison sentences which can go up to 2 years. Since this Act of UK Parliament is normally abbreviated as HASAWA, HASWA or HSWA 1974, it will be important to sustain the use of HSWA 1974 throughout the discussion, to steer clear of verbiage (Foster, 2010, 275). The development of the law, taking into account the lack of individual liability in other related legislation Dhir (2012, 100) contends that the main factor that trigger ed the creation and passing of HSWA 1974 is the need to protect employees and members of the public from corporate neglect and greed. Particularly, before the ratification of HSWA 1974, work stations and organisations sidestepped the need to protect employees and members of the public and the need to safeguard their safety. ... At the same time, the failure of previous bills to ensure total safety also necessitated the need to have more robust and more comprehensive legislation. Particularly, there has been a successful coordination of efforts to produce the Employed Persons Health and Safety Bill in 1970. Nevertheless, the bill’s failure to address salient issues of workplace safety became more apparent over time. This failure was mainly seen in the Bill chiefly aiming at curtailing the number of deaths and injuries in British factories. For instance, the second provision of this Bill as is enshrined in the Clause 2 (1) (a) places sanctions on the formation of safety representatives and partly, management representatives in factories having more than 100 employees (Kobrin, 2009, 350). Nevertheless, a critical look at this clause leaves one with the knowledge that the representatives could not implement safety measures (Van-Dam, 2011, 231). Secondly, the failure was catapulted by the absence of coope ration between the totality of the workforce and the management. The discord between the two parties greatly affects the appointment of the safety representatives. The same also means that in the event that the safety representatives have been appointed mainly because of the management’s sleight of hand, then it is likely that the safety representatives may cover up for the organisation’s failure to put effective safety measures in place. It is against this backdrop that the National Institute of Industrial Psychology showed cases of consistent failures among companies and work stations to apply well known safety measures on the floor (Muchlinski,

Shawshank Redemption movie review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Shawshank Redemption movie review - Essay Example In this movie, there is not just a story line, but it has a deeper meaning to the scenario. There is a saving appeal in the title ‘the Shawshank Redemption’. According to the Webster’s Dictionary, redeem means to free from what distresses or harm (Analysis of the Shawshank Redemtion). There is an initial sense of salvation as to what Shawshank might be. However, later in the movie this sense is discovered. According to that sense, the title is an oxymoron. How can it be possible that a prison provides redemption? However, full meaning of the title is gained by the end of the movie. Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins) is a successful banker and the leading character of Shawshank. He is a man who is convicted for murdering her wife and her lover. Due to this murder, he shipped to a maximum-security prison in Shawshank, Maine, for two consecutive life sentences. Shawshank is a depressing and harsh prison, where brutality from the prisoners and the guards is a common place. A ndy becomes friends of a guy who had a fair taste of the prison after spending many years behind the bars. This was Ellis Boyd ‘Red’ Redding (Morgan Freeman). Red is aware of all the ways of smuggling items in the prison for other prisoners. After other prisoners brutalize Andy, Red realizes that he is an unusual person (Brundage). Morgan, as the new recruit who is most likely to crack under the pressure picked up Andy. Soon enough, Andy realized the harsh realities of the prison. The warden was a corrupt, Captain Byron Hadley (Clancy Brown), who led sadistic guards. The inmates were lesser wild than the animals, who would insure their dominance through rape or beatings. Andy had proclaimed his innocence in the beginning of the movie. Throughout the time he was in prison, he does not crack, but he has the hope of his innocence. Apart from being innocent, Andy was smart too. He was always doing something or the other. He helped one of the notorious guards with a tax prob lem in return for which he got chilled bottles of beer for his people who worked in the party. This is how he got the guards and other prisoners on his side (The Shawshank Redemption ). Andy improved the prisons library for those who wanted to study. In a matter of few years, Andy gained the respect of the guards and other prisoner in a matter of few years. Andy was an optimist who would never lose hope. He would also give hope to the other prisoners. He accepts that fact that life has many possibilities, but to fulfill them all, he needs to be free. This movie is the best example of art and music. It is about a man who does not give up on hope, the only thing that cannot be taken away from the external forces. Andy and Shawshank are two things the viewer completely is enveloped with. The first glimpse of the prison you get a fair glimpse of how grim the life can be- because of its utterly gothic structure that assaults you with a sense of foreboding. A prison life is composed of ro utine and debasement. It is Andy’s smartness, which allows him to prevail behind the bars. He wins over the guards and the wardens through his skills of banking. He keeps and eye on most of the staff of the prison (The Shawshank Redemption (1994)). Andy is raising funds for his undertaking. He is very patient about it and is steadily writing weekly letters to the state officials until he gets what he is expecting. Slowly and carefully, ‘the Shawshank Conspiracy’

Case 8 Battle Of The Beers Beer Essay Example for Free

Case 8 Battle Of The Beers Beer Essay Introduction This case is about the intense battle between beer rivals in the United States, particularly between Anheuser-Busch (A-B), the world’s largest brewer, and SABMiller, the world’s second largest brewer. It discusses about how the companies used advertising in their brand positioning in order to compete with each other and increase the sales. This case starts by describing the strategies used by the both company when the battle began since the South African Breweries (SAB) purchased Miller Brewing Company in 2002. The 2 leading beer brewing companies uses different strategies to fight with each other in order to communicate how its beer differ from competition to draw in more consumers. First, Miller emphasized on the light beer, taking advantage of the health conscious trend where consumers were looking for low-carb beer by using comparative advertising campaign claiming that the Miller Lite has half the carbs than Bud Light. This prompted counteroffensives from A-B that mock Miller Lite’s low-carbs claims and challenge beer drinkers to choose on taste. To counter that, Miller then attack back by emphasizing also on the taste of the light beer. Things become worse when Miller also launched a new offensive campaign which lampooned Budweiser for its self-proclaimed title as â€Å"King of Beers† and Budweiser lashed back by labelled Miller Lite as â€Å"Queen of Carbs†. Miller filed a lawsuit against Budweiser asserting the false and misleading claims by Budweiser to Miller Light which will definitely affect the image of SABMiller. Then, Miller used blind taste tests and shifted to emphasizing taste and flavour instead of stuck with a carb positioning. In 2004, the companies used comparative advertising, where Miller launched new advertising campaign attacking Budweiser, and A-B also launched direct counterattack, and this made the battle become even more intense that others are being pulled into the fray. Television networks were refusing commercials on both sides because their unduly disparaging or appear to contain taste claims that are unsubstantiated and misleading. While Miller continue to press on the taste issue, A-B introduced a new product promoting as having no lingering aftertaste and also emphasizing the freshness of its beer. The battle between the 2 companies goes back and forth. Questions: 1. What attributes are most important in determining beer purchasing decisions? How does this vary by market segments? There are many important attributes that need to be considered in determining beer purchasing decisions. As described in the case, these includes taste, aroma, and appearance. (i) Taste/Flavour/Aroma Taste is the most important attribute in determining beer purchasing decisions as consumers buy beer for the taste. As evident in the case, Miller spent huge amounts on advertising the taste advantage they hold over Budweiser. They held blind taste tests where consumers were seen to choose Miller over Budweiser in the tests. Their success in providing good taste led to Miller recording a 2.6 % increase in sales volume in 2003 as consumers felt that Miller beers were better in taste. Aroma is extremely important to beer’s overall taste and it determines the purchase decision of a beer. The market segments that emphasize on aroma in their beer purchasing decision are mostly experienced beer drinkers. The repeat beer purchase will takes place when the taste of the beer suit the customers. Health-conscious consumers who are looking to reduce their carbohydrate intake might opt for beer which are less sugar. Consumers who give more preference to the aroma of beer might look for strong aroma beer or beer which suit his or her taste. Some market segments might prefer beer with no lingering aftertaste. (ii) Appearance The process of purchasing a beer begins with its visual appearance. Many people make hasty judgments of taste (food or beverage) based entirely on sight alone. In terms of beer appearance, what consumers looking for are colour, clarity, and head retention. Although one colour is not necessarily better than the others, and none indicates directly how the beer will taste, but many beer drinkers will just have their own preference and perception of beer colour. Also, if a beer can’t form a head, either it’s improperly carbonated or the vessel into which it’s poured is dirty. Many beer drinkers will most probably emphasize on the appearance of the beer and are obsessed with beer clarity; if the beer is not crystal clear, they would not drink it. Some markets segments might prefer darker beers like stouts whereas others might prefer lighter beers such as wheat beers. (iii) Price Many people judge or determine a product quality based on the price. This is also true for beer purchases, and is especially true for those non-experienced beer drinkers. Higher price could have one of two effects on consumer preference: it could cause the product to seem higher in quality, or it could make the product less desirable because of the extra expense. Although most of the time price may reflect the quality of the beer (higher quality, higher price, and vice versa), but this is not all the time. For those who are emphasize on the quality of the beer, they might probably prefer to buy the higher-priced beer. Higher-income beer drinkers also might choose the higher- priced beer which they perceived that the beer has higher quality. For those market segments who just drink beers for enjoyment for example peers gathering, they might just buy the cheaper beers. (iv). Brand name Brand is the most important non-sensory factors affecting consumers’ choice decisions of products. It seen as a promise, a guarantee or contract with the manufacturer and a symbolic mean and sign of quality. Beer drinkers will choose their beers based on their own beer brand preferences too. Researchers had found that ultrapremium beer was rated higher than inexpensive beer when brand names were unknown, hence shows that brand name do affect beer purchasing decision. In the market segments which earned a higher-income might prefer branded (usually higher-priced) beers. Younger generation might also choose those cheaper but well-known brand due to the exposure of the advertisements and they tend to follow the trend. 2. How would you construct a valid taste to determine beer buyers’ preferences? The methods used to construct a valid taste to determine beer buyer preferences based on different attributes would be as follows: Based on taste/flavour/aroma: Conduct blind-taste tests by providing the participants the cups of different beers to be tested which labelled A through E. Participants will be asked to taste each of the beers, and then spit out the beer into an empty glass. Between each beer taste, participants will rinse out their mouths with water to avoid cross-contamination among trials. After tasting all the beers, participants will rank order the five beers on the basis of the quality of their taste. Based on appearance: Conduct tests by providing the participants different beers with differences colour and level of clarity. For example by providing the participants different cups of beers with different colour and clarity labelled with A, B, C, D, and so forth without the acknowledge the participants what type or brand of the beers are. Differences in preferences across the samples will demonstrate whether consumers prefer one colour (eg. darker colour) than the others. The preference of beer based on the label colour, design, logo, or the shape of the packaging can be tested as well. Based on price: Conduct tests by providing the participants different selections of beer with different prices to assess whether consumers use price to disambiguate taste. For example, the beers selected varied in price, from $7. 99 per six-pack to $2. 69 per six-pack. The prices per six-pack were as follows: Brand A: $7. 99; Brand B: $5. 99; Brand C: $3. 99; Brand D: $3. 49; and Brand E: $2. 69. Participants will rank the different beers according to their own preferences and on the basis of their prior knowledge about these beers. Based on brand name: Conduct tests by providing the participants different selections of beer with different brand names. For example, different beer brands such as Anchor Steam, Samuel Adams, Budweiser, Miller Genuine Draft, and Schlitz will be provided to participants. Participants will be asked to rank the different beers according to their own preferences and on the basis of their prior knowledge about these beers. Conclusion: Consumers’ attitudes, beliefs, and feelings play important role in deciding if they are going to purchase the Anheuser-Busch or SABMiller beer brand such as Budweiser or Miller respectively. The beer marketers need to be able to identify the target markets’ shopping, purchase, spending, and consumption patterns in order to predict what consumers want from such product. Consumer intention acts as a helpful indicator to the types of marketing activities to carry so that they are able to attract the right market segment, thus leading to high profits. In conclusion, understanding consumer behaviour is significant because marketers want to attract the right consumers to purchase their brand.

clear channel :: essays research papers

Clear Channel   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever turn on the radio and hear the same five songs over and over again? You can thank clear channel for that. According to a study conducted last summer the top songs are played more than 85 times between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. and only add around 15 songs a week giving the most air time to the largest sum accepted in the promotional payment contract. In blunt terms it is the illegal practice of payola which allows goods and/or money to be exchanged for air time. But Clear channel has managed to cut corners through indies who are hired by a record label to get stations to play certain songs. Included in their promotional payment contract the musical artist must agree to perform at a Clear Channel concert with in a certain time frame such as Jingle ball held in Philadelphia. This practice leaves little room for an independent artist to be heard on air because of their lack of a middle man; an indie, as well as, the money needed upfront to form a promotional payment contract that ranges around six figures. The abandonment of independent artists is an example of negative synergy. In regards to the contract, the record label’s client not only agrees to perform but also to advertise clear channel stations through voice tracking. Wit the help of a computer assisted voice segments the listener is fooled into believeing the program is locally produced when it is not because the same basic phrase is broadcasted to seventy five other stations. For example you will hear your favorite musician say a phrase like â€Å" Hello Allentown† on one station and in California the same musician is broadcasted to be saying â€Å"Hello L.A.† Voice tracking is not only evident through celebrities but also from radio personalities and their programs. For example Rush Limbaugh is not only broadcasted in Pennsylvania but also Texas. This however violates the communication Act of 1934 where the FCC encourages a diversity of voices so as to promote a vibrant democracy. The multi broadcasted programs such as Limbaugh and Dr. Laura leave their audience with a one sid ed republican view. Born from the same state Enron and Clear Channel both faced the Department of Justice investigation, lawsuits for inappropriate business practices, and they both currently have a bill in Congress to border their impact on their industry. The only difference is that Clear Channel is getting away with their monopolistic corporation and scandals. clear channel :: essays research papers Clear Channel   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever turn on the radio and hear the same five songs over and over again? You can thank clear channel for that. According to a study conducted last summer the top songs are played more than 85 times between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. and only add around 15 songs a week giving the most air time to the largest sum accepted in the promotional payment contract. In blunt terms it is the illegal practice of payola which allows goods and/or money to be exchanged for air time. But Clear channel has managed to cut corners through indies who are hired by a record label to get stations to play certain songs. Included in their promotional payment contract the musical artist must agree to perform at a Clear Channel concert with in a certain time frame such as Jingle ball held in Philadelphia. This practice leaves little room for an independent artist to be heard on air because of their lack of a middle man; an indie, as well as, the money needed upfront to form a promotional payment contract that ranges around six figures. The abandonment of independent artists is an example of negative synergy. In regards to the contract, the record label’s client not only agrees to perform but also to advertise clear channel stations through voice tracking. Wit the help of a computer assisted voice segments the listener is fooled into believeing the program is locally produced when it is not because the same basic phrase is broadcasted to seventy five other stations. For example you will hear your favorite musician say a phrase like â€Å" Hello Allentown† on one station and in California the same musician is broadcasted to be saying â€Å"Hello L.A.† Voice tracking is not only evident through celebrities but also from radio personalities and their programs. For example Rush Limbaugh is not only broadcasted in Pennsylvania but also Texas. This however violates the communication Act of 1934 where the FCC encourages a diversity of voices so as to promote a vibrant democracy. The multi broadcasted programs such as Limbaugh and Dr. Laura leave their audience with a one sid ed republican view. Born from the same state Enron and Clear Channel both faced the Department of Justice investigation, lawsuits for inappropriate business practices, and they both currently have a bill in Congress to border their impact on their industry. The only difference is that Clear Channel is getting away with their monopolistic corporation and scandals.

Tracka History

Tracks are the bars that chain every life-full and lifeless life. It is the reason of being and not being and yet it has no reason to its own being! The Journey of human life Initiates on an aching track Inside a human life. It Is by this way that every track is born from an existing track to give birth to a new track: with the pain and strive for its survival. The birth of a new track, the birth oaf human life continues the agony of Its Journey under Its crafting and being crafted. The track hen widens and branches into various phases that life has to undergo.Every life possesses its own track which lays a unique awe of colors, flavors, and aromas. The human elite begins with the fetal pain and enters the cheerful, merry phase to childhood which is the enlivening arrival of the tracks among other tracks. It chirps with hues of innocence and freedom and the sweet flavor of inexperience and gullibility. Then the phase to adolescence is hoot-marked by the tracks with hues of upcoming m aturity and yet instability, impulsiveness, and sentimental blows, lush and gleam, Inquisitiveness and irresistibility and the sweet fragrance of a fascinating sense of growing up and yet being juvenile.It is all because of the tracks that change their routes and shapes. Then the youth spreads its golden wings with the flavor of velour, passion, potency, piquancy, gallantry. It Is also with beauty and might and the vigor that love adores in; it pours in its thrilling attraction towards other tracks, perception to mingle with another track to beat as one and to produce another out of Its existence. It Is these tracks that bloom relationships as hey connect each other. It is also a sense of belonging, a sense of disparity amalgamated with hot enthusiasm that also leads to confrontations between lives and hence tracks.It Is then that tracks bring human life to adulthood with compassion and ripened maturity with parenthood and sympathy, with Indulgence. Perception and harmony towards ot her beings. It is here that the tracks start to ripen, to make a realization of responsibilities, the ultimate goal of tracks. Then the tracks wrinkle and decolonize, they meager, leaving as much residual wisdom as Seibel; drooping off the lives, growing old, fragile and shaky and finally hand over the bunch to experiences to other tracks to lay hints tort lives to go on and on, however hopeless it may seem to be.The scrawny tracks shed but are yet immortal, as they lay behind evergreen generations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Similarly, the Journey of a seed begins in DARK TRACKS, deep beneath the earth with immense trepidation and yet hopes to have an acquaintance with light, knowing not of the slaughtering and exterminating heat that accompanies It. The suffocating seed striving for growth ruminates, Witt the branching up to its painful track to soar high above earth yet remain anchored and grounded to its roots. The tracks stimulate its germination to the seedling phase, consuming the resourc es and the efforts to lead its formation.It grows with traits of tenderness, softness, and delicacy. The seedling, along with the widening of tracks; widens and blooms into a plant and then into a kind tree. It is then that the tracks take them to places where they have to pay the returns and much more than that utilized. They shed and regret endlessly, with heir fruits given happily or rather taken happily! They serve their master tracks- the human beings as givers. And perhaps sacrifice their lives by letting us brutally cut off their tracks. And then the tracks fall as the life falls.A non-living being also has an expedition of its own, often unnoticed. The pencil enters its expedition with a sense of completeness, wholeness, vividness, originality and totality unlike the living ones. It then enters a phase of sharpening that sets its Journey on until it sheds itself. The tracks gradually become narrower and shrink as they succeed. The pencil harpers itself, hoping to improve the marks it leaves, to paw mark itself to serve its master-the human being, who though is the creator of the pencil, is not the creator of its tracks!It then feeds marking and blackening and writing lives losing its own! And then as it feels it's growing the precedence of tracks deteriorate its existence. The only difference between Journey of a life-full and a lifeless one is that tracks make the former grow up as they change, whereas the latter shrinks down. The formers life is so simply started that it makes it complicated whereas the latter's life s so complicatedly started that it ends simply. It is the beauty and magnificence of tracks that though they lose significance without a traveler, they are not created by the travelers.Although they provide choices to go on, they bind us in chains somewhere in time; of which we realize when we've lost the assumed control. They also depict and bring correspondence to all ‘prisoners' despite their uniqueness and disparity. It dissolv es the boundary of poor and rich, masculine and feminine, black and white, strong and feeble, animals and plants and to an extent- living and non-living! Every track has a Journey- whether a Eng one or a short one, a complete one or an incomplete one.The Journey though different, is always amongst and with all tracks. Every Journey has a purpose and the tracks are those which chain them to it, and so it fulfils its being. Be it Journeys of living beings or of non living beings, all tracks mingle in one point Just as they are born out of the hands of one single creator- the almighty. Here, I remember of a very famous truth, â€Å"Dust thou art, to dust returnees. † They circle around one single destination- death, closure, end†¦ . Every track ends, what differs is Just the pace of ending, it is Just the fate of

Noetic Structure Essay

View and take notes on the presentation, â€Å"An Overview of Issues in Contemporary Justification, Part 1.† What are 3 characteristics of a person’s noetic structure? The sum total of everything that person believes It recognizes the differing degress of certainty, firmness, and conviction with which people hold their beliefs. Characterized by how beliefs are related together. Explain coherentism and the 3 problems with it. Coherentism: All beliefs fall into one category. No beliefs are more foundational than the others. Problems: Circularity: How do I justify my belief in P? It coheres with Q. Isolation Problem: Coherentism isolates my beliefs from the external world. Plurality: It is possible to have 2 coherent systems that are logically incompatible. Read chapter 4 of Epistemology: Becoming Intellectually Virtuous, â€Å"Foundationalism.† As you do, consider the following questions and points: What is the root idea of foundationalism? Each of us holds a set of beliefs basically or immediately while we hold other beliefs non basically or mediately. Why would one adopt a foundationalist approach to justification? Because they are epistemic engies of our noetic structures, imparting to all of our non-basic beliefs, while not themselves requiring justification from any other beliefs – this support goes just one way. What is the regress argument? Taking for granted the general reliability of your conscious faculties, and indeed must take them for granted. What are the 3 basic components of foundationalism? Basic or immediate beliefs- Form the bedrock of what all we believe  undergirding everything else we are justified in believing. Mediate or non-basic beliefs- Everything else we believe Basing Relation- Specifies how the epistemic merit of our basic beliefs is to be transferred to out non-basic beliefs. What are the characteristics of strong foundationalism? Specifically explain: The 3 conditions for a basic belief. Must be self-evidently true: those we see to be true immediately, without the benefit of deliberation or argument, merely when we understand the term of the claim in question. Must be Incorrigible: The belief in question is one that is impossible to believe and be mistaken about. Evident to the Senses The means by which basic beliefs support non-basic beliefs. Entailment is the only logical relation that preserves certainty. If one starts with self-evidently true starting points and accepts only what can be validly derived from the same, one thereby insures that one’s entire set of beliefs is untainted and error free. Four â€Å"additional† features of foundationalism. One cannot claim to have knowledge simply by asserting that one knows One must be inwardly cognizant that one’s claims to knowledge is genuine. One must be prepared to show that this is the case. What are the main problems with foundationalism? Note: This section can be challenging; try to understand the main points raised; don’t be concerned about all the details except as a way to understand the following main points: Problems: One’s beliefs in the reliability of one’s senses or memory or consciousness; none of these beliefs is either self evident or incorrigible or evident to the senses, yet they are held as properly basic by virtually everyone. Any acceptance of supposedly pure and certain basic beliefs makes use of various background assumptions or information that compromises their certainty and undermines their basicality. Why only these conditions for a basic belief? Claims that foundationalism solves the regress argument fail (the arbitrariness of stopping points). Other means of supporting beliefs than just deduction/induction (best explanation, retroduction, concurrence, etc.). The security vs. content problem. The strict demands for four unimpeachable certainty leave one with so small a set of basic beliefs that they can’t possibly bear the heavy weight of all we believe. Other problems (excessive individualism, access requirements, noetic effects of sin). Pg 95 What are the similarities and differences between strong and modest foundationalism? Specifically: What is primae facie certainty? One’s foundational beliefs are not necessarily immune to any conceivable doubt – they can be overridden – but they are perfectly acceptable unless one has a good reason for thinking they have been undermined. Four of Reid’s contingent truths. The thoughts of which I am conscience are thoughts of a being I call myself. Those things really happened which I distinctly remember. Those things really do exist which we distinctly perceive by our senses, and are what we perceive them to be. What is to be will probably be like what has been in similar circumstances. Reid’s reliabilism of first principles. For our evidence concerning reliability would have to include deliverances of the faculties whose reliability we are accumulating evidence for. On behalf of his foundational principles, they can be correctly identified by their accompanying marks or signs. If someone persists in requesting additional assurances over and above the usual marks accompanying properly based beliefs, then the person holding such beliefs can only respond with genuine bewilderment. Two weaknesses with modest foundationalism. Reid may have underestimated the capacity for thinkers of sound mind and sincere will to disagree about alleged, philosophical first principles. The belief in God can be held in a basic belief. Alvin Plantinga’s belief in God as properly basic. The belief can be justifiably held in the manner of a first principle, that  is w/out the benefit of argumentative support. Terms Make sure you can explain the following terms and concepts: Indefeasible- Not able to be lost, annulled, or overturned. Retroduction- A king of reasoning from the best explanation. It is reducible neither to induction or deduction. Concurrence- Observations that cumulate in his belief.  Necessary First Principles- They are self-evidently justified, being believed merely upon being understood. Must have these. Contingent First Principles- Not self-evidently justified. Dependent upon something. Doxastic Assumption- A theory that a belief is justified if it coheres with other beliefs

The Subclass Pterygota and Its Subdivisions

The Subclass Pterygota and Its Subdivisions The subclass Pterygota includes most of the world’s insect species. The name comes from the Greek pteryx, which  means â€Å"wings.† Insects in the subclass Pterygota have wings, or had wings once in their evolutionary history. Insects in this subclass are called pterygotes. The main identifying feature of pterygotes is the presence of veined wings on the mesothoracic (second) and metathoracic (third) segments. These insects also undergo metamorphosis, either simple or complete. Scientists believe insects evolved the ability to fly during the Carboniferous period, over 300 million years ago. Insects beat vertebrates to the skies by some 230 million years (pterosaurs evolved the ability to fly about 70 million years ago). Some insect groups that were once winged have since lost this ability to fly. Fleas, for example, are closely related to flies, and are believed to descend from winged ancestors. Although such insects no longer bear functional wings (or any wings at all, in some cases), they are still grouped in the subclass Pterygota due to their evolutionary history. The subclass Pterygota is further divided into two superorders – the Exopterygota and the Endopterygota. These are described below. Characteristics of the Superorder Exopterygota: Insects in this group undergo a simple or incomplete metamorphosis. The life cycle includes just three stages – egg, nymph, and adult. During the nymph stage, gradual change occurs until the nymph resembles the adult. Only the adult stage has functional wings. Major Orders in the Superorder Exopterygota: A large number of familiar insects fall within the superorder Exopterygota. Most insect orders are classified within this subdivision, including: Order Ephemeroptera - mayfliesOrder Odonata - dragonflies and damselfliesOrder Orthoptera - crickets, grasshoppers and locustsOrder Phasmida - stick and leaf insectsOrder Grylloblattodea - rock crawlersOrder Mantophasmatodea - gladiatorsOrder Dermaptera - earwigsOrder Plecoptera - stonefliesOrder Embiidina - webspinnersOrder Zoraptera - angel insectsOrder Isoptera - termitesOrder Mantodea - mantidsOrder Blattodea - cockroachesOrder Hemiptera - true bugsOrder Thysanoptera - thripsOrder Psocoptera - barklice and booklice  Order Phthiraptera - biting and sucking lice Characteristics of the Superorder Endopterygota: These insects undergo a complete metamorphosis with four stages – egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The pupal stage is inactive (a rest period). When the adult emerges from the pupal stage, it has functional wings. Orders in the Superorder Endopterygota: The majority of the worlds insects undergo complete metamorphosis, and are included in the superorder Endopterygota. The largest of these nine insect orders are: Order Coleoptera - beetlesOrder Neuroptera - nerve-winged insectsOrder  Hymenoptera  - ants, bees, and waspsOrder Trichoptera - caddisfliesOrder  Lepidoptera  - butterflies and mothsOrder Siphonoptera - fleasOrder Mecoptera - scorpion flies and hangingfliesOrder Strepsiptera - twistedwing parasitesOrder Diptera - true flies    Sources: Pterygota. Winged insects.   Tree of Life Web Project. 2002. Version 01 January 2002 David R. Madden.  Accessed online September 8, 2015.Pterygota, pterygote. Bugguide.net. Accessed online September 8, 2015.A Dictionary of Entomology,  edited by Gordon Gordh, David Headric.Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Subclass pterygota, by John R. Meyer, Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University. Accessed online September 8, 2015.

How FundsForWriters.com Taught Me to be a Successful Writer

How FundsForWriters.com Taught Me to be a Successful Writer Once upon a time, there was a writer. Shed had over a hundred feature articles published in various magazines, before she heard about FundsForWriters.com. Hey, Im a writer! I bet I could tell other writers a thing or two, and earn fifty cool ones, she thought. So she dashed off a submission to the editor, Hope Clark. It was rejected. She tried again. And again. She had to pitch four times before her fifth submission was finally accepted. Even then, the piece seemed so less-than-satisfactorily edited, it spawned not one but two irate editorials, back-to-back, on the importance of perfecting a pitch before submitting making her the only writer to have inspired such an occurrence. Hopes words stung her. She couldve quit then. She couldve packed it all in, declared this market unfit for her work, proclaimed its editor crazy and never looked back. Sour grapes? Likely. But she didnt. That writer was me. Last year, a writer had five articles published with FundsForWriters.com. Meaning nearly once every couple of months, you read her name in the newsletter. She came this close to landing a 3-in-3: three acceptances in three days. She became one of only two people to ever have two feature articles published in the newsletter in the same month, a record. That writer was also me. This is my story. Heres how I went from 0 to 5 FFW credits in less than 12 months: 1. I learned to edit. I am naturally verbose. If a thing can be said in four words, I use ten. So when asked to include voice, flavour, anecdotes and practical tips, all in under 600 words, I cursed and shook my head. Impossible! But then I did it. Five times. I grit my teeth, hardened my heart against my trademark lyrical prose and took a machete to the verbiage. As the word count dropped, my bank balance climbed. 2. I studied the market. It helped to subscribe to the newsletter for several weeks, to discern a pattern to the features presented. The guidelines themselves said it best, they couldnt have laid it out any clearer. I took note. 3. I didnt encumber myself. Ive written on diverse topics from parenting to mobile-optimized websites. I drew upon my interest and experience from other fields to apply to writing. Nobody told me it couldnt be done, so I didnt let it stop me. I was bold. I took risks. Sure, theres a chance of failure, but at least I wont regret not trying. 4. I didnt spread myself too thin, either. Im online social media shy. All I have is a blog to showcase my

Creative Teams and Creative Conflicts Assignment

Creative Teams and Creative Conflicts - Assignment Example In such a situation, Puccio, Mance and Murdock (2011) note that organizational conflicts may be very common. Despite the differences in creative thinking styles, the group could improve their process by following these three principles. In the first place, the group should have talked about their unique differences to create a sense of identity among each other. This is because where there is an understanding of identities it is easier to accommodate other people (Grivas and Puccio, 2012). Secondly, based on the differences in identities, the group should have broken their job down into tasks and assigned compatible thinkers to different jobs. Finally, the group should have had a standby conflict resolution team that would have been responsible for managing all conflicts from the very unset that they showed up. Into the future, it is expected that the process would be approached differently so as to lead to group success. For instance if I was in charge of leadership, I would have used the strategic accommodation skill to ensure that each person appreciated the place of the other person in the collective realization of the organizational goal (Prichard, n.d.). Puccio, G. J. (2006). Tapping into our creative thinking skills to manage complex problems [Powerpoint]. Faculty Institute on Teaching and Learning-RIT, International Center for Studies in Creativity,State University of New York, Buffalo State. Retrieved from https://www2.rit.edu/fitl/presentations_2006/TappingIntoCreativeThinkingSkills.pdf Puccio, G. J., Mance, M., & Murdock, M. C. (2011). Psychological diversity: Leading people with different styles. In Puccio, Mance, & Murdock, Creative leadership: Skills that drive change (pp. 241–264). Los Angeles, CA:

Case study of Union carbide and Bhopal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case study of Union carbide and Bhopal - Essay Example Most Americans considering its controversial nature overwhelmingly waited for the verdict on Martha Stewart’s case on 27th, December 2001.However, the question on whether Stewart committed the crime is open to question. Martha Stewart was found at fault for selling her ImClone shares. The US attorneys accused her of obstructing fairness and that she was deceitful to investigators. According to attorneys, Stewart was blameworthy of insider trading. I strongly do not accept as true that Stewart committed an insider trading crime given that she acted on her stockbroker’s knowledge. Sam Waksal, the ImClone CEO did not either clue-up Stewart or her stock brokers the defiance of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to appraise the untried cancer drug, Erbitux. Fascinatingly, Sam, on selling his shares, was just speculating on the decision that could be taken by FAD. He did not have the packed information and for that, could not reveal any to Stewart. Decisively, Martha did not commit insider-trading crime (Drew 707-708). Tight spot is whether the US Attorneys and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) used good decision in indicting Martha Stewart. Stewart, having been advised by Bacanovic who was her stockbroker to sell her shares if ImClon shares fall below $60 saved $ 45,673. Banacovic complained that his worksheet had been altered but was considered malice. Although, SEC filed a civil complaint against Stewart, the resolution arrived at in indicting her is doubtful. The issue was supposed to be inside trading but was twisted to conspiracy, obstruction and lying to the investigators. Martha overtly denied accusations against inside trading. Though she got a call that Sam was selling her shares and went ahead to sell her shares too before calling Sam, she was not a victim of inside trade. She just relied on her friend’s trustworthiness. Prosecutors must have had additional motive for pursuing the case. Instead of filling a suit of inside tr ade against Stewart, which was supposed to be a criminal case, the issue of inside trade was left and the suit was certainly turned to a civil case. The prosecutor must have had a motive of proving a point to the public that even celebrities cannot escape the rule of law. There was no enough evidence to rule the case. The government simply wanted to show that it was strict on business crime (Drew 708-710). I certainly do not concur with the jury that Martha was guilty beyond reasonable doubt. How even in a nonprofessional’s language, can failure to provide evidence by an individual’s guilt be termed as obstruction of justice? Surprisingly, no one stood on the courtroom as a casualty of Stewart’s action. The fact that Stewart kept mum was not enough to declare her guilty. Stewart postulates that she acted upon receiving information that Sam was selling his stock. The information that she got was from a competent individual whom she solely depended on for guidance when it comes to stock matters. Upon hearing the information, she decided to sell her stock. Like any other individual, she could have not waited any further but to save her money before loss. In addition, Sam although he was the CEO of ImClone, did not receive any information from the Food and Drug Administration that their drug was going to be rejected. He further did not leak any information to Stewart that could make her gain inside knowledge about the

Murder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Murder - Essay Example However, it is a fact in criminal law, that the â€Å"criminal intent† or the â€Å"mens rea† of the offender to be convicted for the commission of any of the crimes under the Code requires a different degree of culpability which is dependent on the nature of the crime. Hence, the elements of these two crimes are to be treated differently. The issue that presented before us now that needs to be resolved is: The Mens rea for murder is too narrow in certain respects and too wide in others. The fault element for involuntary manslaughter is simply too wide. To differentiate these two crimes, first thing that needs to be done is to identify the elements for the commission of each of the crimes. We start with the crime of Murder. Alan W. Norrie has reported that for the crime of murder, the case of R. V. Woolin 1 should be highlighted as the basis of defining the intention of the accused. â€Å"In this case, the House has rejected the conclusion of the Court of Appeal that f oresight of a substantial risk of death or serious bodily harm could in certain circumstances be an â€Å"alternative mens rea† that can quality to intention of the accused†. While in the case of R. V. ... However, there exists a conflict in the Woolin case which leaves the test for the criminal intention too specific. In the event that in the future a crime of murder is committed, the victim or his family shall be prejudiced by the conviction of the criminal to a lesser offence, carrying with it a lesser penalty because of non-compliance with the attendant circumstances as stated in the Woolin case, to make him liable for murder. Thus, it gives the criminal the privilege to demand for a lesser penalty and escape a portion of the imprisonment. Moreover, there are two issues which are left unanswered by the Woolin case, which concern the moral basis for convicting a criminal for murder. In one, the foresight of virtual certainty may be regarded as morally under-inclusive, while in the other, it is over-inclusive. These problems, relating to issues of good and bad motive, originated from the unstable moral core at the heart of mens rea, which the dominant subjectivist approach ignores at its peril.5 The principle laid down by Woolin case caused quite a stir because foreseeability and intention are the elements used to prove the degree of culpability of the offender. The terms â€Å"direct† and â€Å"indirect intention† are given their conservative meanings of â€Å"purpose, aim or object† and â€Å"necessary means to an end or side-effect foreseen as virtually certain to occur whether desired or not†. The argument of Norrie is that in the â€Å"process of legal and moral judgment in the criminal law, these terms cannot be fully separated from broader issues of â€Å"motive† or â€Å"ulterior intention†, understood as the moral backdrop to the intentions that are formed, and generally seen as irrelevant to culpability†6. Therefore, if the

J.K.Tyres Analysis

J.K.Tyres Analysis Executive summary A small, sincere and dedicated step towards the fulfillment of my responsibilities and duties ensured me a giant leap to accumulate knowledge and real life exposure to business during my summer training period. My first experience of corporate world started with big frame company J.K.Tyres, a division of J.K.Industries. The projects given to me deals with fitment trend, market share along with consumers perception for J.K.Tyres in truck tyres segment. The area allocated to me was Ghaziabad and Meerut and the time duration in which we completed our project was from 10th May to 24th June. The research, which was carried, was more of descriptive research thus had a planned way to proceed. For appropriate results data collection method is absolutely necessary, in this project I have to depend upon primary data, so keeping this in my mind I collected the data through a set of questionnaire and with the help of observation method to get the accurate data and time to time I made the summery of collected data so that all the datas are gathered at a single place. Personal interviews (with questionnaire) of the customer are taken in order to get their own independent views. I have taken a sample of 230 trucks for knowing the fitment trend and I have tried to cover the entire customer, in the process I met with 90 transporters. In data analysis part various statistical tools like pie bar charts are used for comparative study and convenience in understanding the data to make the data livelier COMPANY PROFILE â€Å"Excellence comes not from mere words or procedures. It comes from an urge to strive and deliver the best. Mindset that says, when it is good enough, improve it. It is a way of thinking that comes only from a power within.† H.S. SINGHANIA J.K.Tyres a division of JK industries is a flagship company under the umbrella of JK organization. The advent of JK organization on the industrial landscape of India almost synchronizes, with the beginning of an era of industrial awareness an endeavor for self-reliance and the setting of a dynamic Indian Industry. This was way back in the middle of the 19th century. And the rest that followed is history. VISION OF THE COMPANY To become the most admired company in India committed to excellence CORE VALUE JK organization has been a forerunner in the economic and social advancement of India. It always aimed at creating job opportunities for a multitude of countrymen and to provide high quality product. It has striven to make India self reliant by pioneering the production of a number of industrial and consumer products, by adopting the latest technology as well as developing its own know-how. It has also under taken industrial venture in several other countries. JK organization is an association of industrial and commercial companies and charitable trusts. Its member companies, employing nearly 50,000 persons are engaged in the manufacture of a variety of products and in diverse fields of commerce. Trusts are devoted to promoting industrial technical and medical research education religious values and providing better living and recreation facilities with the spirit of social consciousness uppermost in the minds of J.K. organization and thus it is committed to the cause of human development. Today J.K. organization, and association of industrial and commercial companies and charitable trusts, continues to grow to greater heights under the stewardship of its president, Shri Hari Shankar Singhania The principal business of JK organization includes tyre, paper, cement, drugs and pharmaceuticals, agri. Genetics, dairy and food products audio magnetic tapes, sugar, cosmetics, woolen textiles, steel, engineering, material handling system, etc. The group besides having a consistent record of growth and diversification has created a reputation for quality for all its products and most of its products enjoy a leadership status in their respective market segments. To cope up with the demand in the market most of the companies in JK organization are certified for international quality systems like ISO 9001,ISO 1401 and QS 9000. JK INDUSTRIES LTD. J.K. Industries is a merge corporate entity that is emblematic of excellence, diversification and pioneering new technologies. A part of J.K. Organization, which ranks among the top private groups in India. J.K. Industries is committed to self-reliance and follows an ethic that views customers satisfaction as an index of achievements. Over the years the company has expanded and diversified its business portfolio. It has developed into a multi product, multi-location corporate entity comprising of following business division. BACKGROUND Group companies Straw and JK Synthetic promoted JK Industries, which belong to Shri Laxmipaty Singhania faction of the J.K. GROUP, in 1951. It was initially engaged in managing agency business. Manufacturing activities began with commissioning of a 0.4mn tyres and tubes plant, in 1977 at Jaykaygarm, Rajasthan, in technical tie up with general tyre international Co., U.S.A, for manufacturer of nylon bias and radial tyres. JKI was the 1st domestic manufacturer of radial tyres. The capacity later increased to 0.625mn tyres. The Rajasthan plant labour problems in the past capacity utilization levels have been low. In 1981, a new factory was set up at Banmore, near Gwalior, M.P for the manufacturer of 0.6mn tyres, capacity has been gradually increased in both the plants and currently JKI has a combined capacity of 2.13mn tyres. In FY90, it set up JKI agri-genetics, to procedure, process and distributes hybrid and high yielding seeds of cereals, Oilseeds and pulses under the brand name of J.K. Seeds. In FY91, it set up J K Pharmachem, a JV with TIDCO for the manufacture of Penciling. It has also set up a trading arm by the name of J K International, which deals in a range of goods including agro products, leather product, textiles and marine product. In FY12/96, the companys pharmaceutical business was restructured and hived off to JK Pharmaceuticals Ltd INTRODUCTION ABOUT TYRES Tyre is an indispensable part of our vehicle and need to be chosen and looked after with care. The wheel was invented over 20,000 years ago. Early wheels were usually made from wood and as these were not flexible, the ride was extremely hard. In 1939, CHARLES GOODYEAR discovered the culcatisation process, which gave rubber its elastic properties. In 1845, R.W. THOMPSON filed a patent for elastic; air filled belt of rubber rises fabric and leather. He had great hopes of his invention becoming successful, but nobody was convinced that one could ride on air; Thompson was sadly forced to abandon his ideas. In 1888, JHON BOYD DUNLOP reinvented the pneumatic tyre and filed a patent claiming easy operation over rough roads, immunity from vibration and increased speed of vehicle. Over the year, several methods were tried to keep the inflated pneumatic tyre fixed to the wheel. By the 1920s most tyre had steel wire beading, which allowed a tyre to remain firmly fitted to the wheel rim. Development was slow and the early tyre led a troubled life, some of the common problems were punctures tread separation, cracking, tearing and even blowouts. Since tyre lasted for only a couple of thousand kilometers, the cost of replacement also account for a large part of expenses. Early tyres were mainly white because they took their colour from the reinforcing agent zinc oxide. It was not until carbon black was found to be the best reinforcing agent that tyre become black. In 1948, MICHELIN made a most significant contribution by introducing the radial tyre, which was to influence tyre design all over the world. Radials offered much superior grip but, the rede was harsh and they also had a tendency to lose grip suddenly once the limits of adhesion were crossed. In contrast, the cross-ply tyre lost its grip, in a gradual manner enabling the driver to take corrective action. Then a new generation of radial tyre evolved, in which the belts were made of rayon, which being more flexible, prevented sudden loss of grip. The evolution of the radial tyre brought about a lot of changes. For the first 60 years, the tyre industry had not been able to produce a tyre that fulfilled its long list of requirement. Good quality was achieved only at the cost of steering response; similarly extra grip resulted in faster wear and a shorter life. The radial tyre changed all this; its structure was such that each part of it could be designed independently. The tread, sidewalls, etc could have a separate construction and they could be made from different materials. New materials, rubbers compound, synthetic polymers, manufacturing methods, all have resulted in present day tyre becoming more reliable, durable, safer and almost maintenance free. In fact, modern day tyre are so good that most of us take these for granted and do not even bother giving them the 2nd look. However it is very important that we do know them better. THE ORIGIN OF WHEEL Wealthy gentlemen pushing himself through 1820s London on a hobbyhorse would have used his muscles just as efficiently as a courier dodging todays traffic on a mountain bike. The story of bicycle technology has been one of going faster for the same effort, researchers have found. Alberto Minetti, of Manchester Metropolitan University, and colleagues have been looking at the work needed to propel different bicycles of different speeds. The bicycles ranged from the hobby horse an expensive toy from the 1820s which riders kicked along with their legs, velocipedes with pedals fixed to the front wheel, through to chain- driven cycle of the 1880s that look much like todays. The main benefit of cycling as opposed to running or walking, the researchers found, is that the riders limbs no longer bear his or her weight, and so their efforts can be devoted to propulsion. Even the hobbyhorse takes two-thirds of the weight off the legs, and allows the rider to go twice as fast as a walker for the same amount of energy. All the bicycles tested were equally efficient at turning their riders muscle power in motion. This came as a shock -â€Å" we were convinced that the efficiency would have increased † as bicycle design improved, says Minetti. â€Å" But muscles were always used at there maximum efficiency.† What ha changed is the speed at which efficiency peaks. The problem with early bicycles, says Robert McNeill Alexander, a biomechanics researcher at the university of Leeds, was that â€Å" to go to reasonable speeds you had to move the pedals very fast â€Å"; leg muscles do not perform well at such high speeds. One solution was the high-wheeler, or penny-farthing, whose all-metal frame, gigantic front wheel; rubber tyres and long springy spokes give a fast and comfortable ride. Safety problems made this bicycle an evolutionary dead end. â€Å" My father used to tell me alarming stories about falling off them † says McNeill Alexander Minettis team found that the ‘safety bikes that superseded the penny-farthing actually needed more work to drive them forward. Their smaller wheels generated a higher resistance with the ground and their primitive chains demanded a lot of legwork. The subsequent invention of pneumatic tyres dramatically reduced the resistance against the road; modern cyclists expand most of their energy battling the wind. One consequence of this study could be come back for the hobbyhorse, says cycle historian John Pinkerton, one of the studys co-authors. â€Å" The hobby horse would be ideal for getting people who would have knee or hip operations back on their feet,† says Pinkerton. The researchers are currently negotiating with hospitals about this possibility. TASKS OF A TYRE A tyre has several roles to play. Its job is to absorb shocks and provide sufficient grip, respond quickly to steering inputs, and work in tandem with the brakes to bring the vehicle to a safe stop in the shortest possible distance. A tyre should have minimum rolling resistance to prevent any strain on the engine, so as to affect either speed or fuel economy. It must also run silently and keep road noise to the minimum. It must have a slow and even rate of wear and be resistance to the effects of sunlight, fuel, debris and other hazards it encounters on the roads. A tyre should be able to perform in all conditions and on all kinds of terrain. A tyre to be good looking and surveys shows that this is one must be string and capable of withstanding heavy loads and a variety of abuse such as hitting kerbed, drivers, etc. Tyres are also expected to influencing factors in the final choice made by the customers. WHAT ARE ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY TYRES? The JK Tyre, being the pioneers of radial technology in India, have taken the lead on all technological aspects to give you the very best. The eco-friendly range of green tyres is one such step in that direction. The manufacturing of these tyres requires state- of- the- art compound development and research facility. These environment friendly tyres are obtained by using special rubber compounding technology. The silica is used instead of carbon black -one of the key ingredients a normal tyre, which is not eco-friendly. The eco-friendly range of tyre help to improve tyre performance, provide better fuel efficiency than normal radial tyres even offer the benefit of low rolling resistance. In fact the JK Tyre range of eco-friendly tyres do not require any special treatment for their maintenance. All one has to do is to wash tyre periodically with mild soap solution to remove dust and mud that might subdue the colour. Advantage of eco-friendly tyres:  · Superior handling and cornering at high speeds  · Optimized tyre life  · Better dry and wet traction  · Silica-based compound for better fuel efficiency  · Reduced rolling resistance  · Less carbon black MAIN COMPETITORS IN THE MARKET SR. NO. COMPANY NAME 1. M.R.F. 2. APOLLO 3. CEAT 4. BIRLA 5. CHINESE (VIVA) JK TYRE Ever since its inception it has been JK Tyres belief in the value of technological superiority that has made it grow by leaps and bounds. This division produces and sells Light Commercial vehicles, Multi Utility Vehicles and Tractors. The company pioneered Steel Radial Technology in India in 1977 and continues be the industry leader in the industry leader in the Radial segment in India. KJ Tyre is the only Tyre Manufacturer in the country to produce high performance â€Å"T† â€Å"H† -rated steel radial tyres. JK Tyre has consciously followed a policy of continuously modernizing and expanding its tyre manufacturing facilities to retain its edge in the market place. Our customer base covers virtually the entire original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in India together with Replacement market for four wheeler vehicles, Defence and State Transport Units. Besides India, we have a worldwide base in over 45 countries across all 6 continents. To keep pace with the market demand as well as technological leadership in Indian market, J.K. Industries acquired Vikrant Tyres Limited, Mysore in 1997.J.K.Industries and Vikrant Tyre limited are the only tyre companies in India to have received all three ISO 9001, QS 9000 and ISO 14001 certificates. This indeed is a true reflection of our commitments to system-oriented approach. Technical collaboration with M/S Continental AG, Germany, which is among the top five technical tyre manufacturers in the world to keep pace with latest technological developments. To stay at the forefront of technological advancements a state of art Research Industries Development center, Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute (HASETRI) was set up, which remains the nerve center for providing cutting edge technology. In a short span of time it has emerged as the 17th largest tyre manufacturer in the world an achievement in itself. BEYOND BUSINESS Identifying with social issues and contribution to the society has been a philosophy, which has been carried on from the founding fathers. Various institutions set up by the group throughout India in diverse fields of social welfare stand testimony to this philosophy. Involved with the diverse array of medical and health services, the organization has set up a number of pioneering institutes all over country including super specialty Pushpawati research institutes, New Delhi for liver, renal and digestive diseases, the first of its kind in India. JK Tyre attaches tremendous value to RD in its efforts to maintain the high quality of its products and lead the field in innovation. HASETRI, a world-class research and development center is a symbol of this. The Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer Tyre Research Institute (HASETRI) is the very 1st of its kind in India. Established in October 1991, HASETRI has already been recognized under SIRO (scientific and industrial research organization) by the department of scientific and industrial research (SDIR), Govt. of India. And has been acknowledged by the Indian institute of technology (IIT) and other universities for registration leading to higher studies. HASETRI fulfills the research requirements for services related to elastomer and tyre industry. PLANT LOCATION: With three plants located in Rajasthan, Madhyapradesh and Karnataka, JK tyre is the largest manufacturer of truck and bus tyre in India. The truck and bus producer accounts for nearly 74% of total tyre business in India, thus giving JK Tyre an undisputed position. Additionally, JK Tyre is the only manufacturer of truck/bus steel radial tyre, and the second largest manufacturer of 4-wheeler tyre in the country. Also JK Tyre is the largest exported tyre brand form India. It enjoys preferred premium brand status in truck bias market in USA and across many markets in Africa, Middle East and East Asia. NEW TYRE LAUNCH: During the year, the company introduced â€Å" tanker lug † and â€Å" jet haul † in the truck and bus tyre segment. In the truck tyre category â€Å"WL-407† has been launched and developed for a specific target for new car models. JKI also became the 1st tyre company to introduce jeep radial tyres. The company has a 3,500 strong dealer network nation wide. In order to increase its retail push, the company has introduced an innovative â€Å"dial a tyre† scheme. Under this scheme mobile vans are at hand to set right problems arising wheels. STEEL WHEELS: The ever-growing steel wheelers chain continues to provide cutting edge service to the customer and is a vital last mile interface problem. Several milestones have been crossed during the past year as a part of the network expansion programmes. Some of them are 1st installation of the 3D Alignment equipment at a company franchised in India to service the vehicles. INTRODUCTION JK Tyre is one of the leading domestic tyre producers and pioneer in radial tyres in India. JK Tyre has a presence in truck bus passengers cars and tractor tyre segments. My project, which was given to me, is concerned with consumers behavior, market share and fitment trend of JK Tyre in truck segment at Meerut and Ghaziabad. To understand the project it is necessary to know about trucks and tyre specifications, which are filled in their vehicle. Basically here are two types of truck: 1) 6 Wheeler 2) 10 Wheeler The examples of trucks are: TATA 1210 TATA 1613 TATA 1612 Companies like Apollo, Birla, Ceat, MRF some local players among with JK Tyre have their presence in the market in the corresponding segment. The range of JK companies of super JK, Track King, Jet miles, Jet Rib, Jet King, Jet Track 39,Jet track 39 DLX, JK DX (Rear) The tyre sizes, which are filled in these vehicles, are 90.0-20 PR16 OR PR18 for both front and rear tyres. PRODUCT PROFILE Jet Rib (front Tyre): Features Benefits  · Aggressive 5-Rib pattern for easy steering  · Computer designed to ensure uniform tread wearing.  · Sides designed to ensure uniform tread wearing.  · Strong casing for dimensional stability, longer life and better casing value.  · Dual compound tread to ensure structural stability and high mileage potential.  · The ultimate Rib tyre for maximum mileage  · Offers best value for money.  · Higher retread ability JET TRACK (REAR TYRE) FEATURE AND BENEFITS:  · For load carrying light commercial vehicle.  · Time proven patterns-Reduces lug chips  · Use of specially compounded thread rubber for cooler running and more mileage  · Special bead construction to carry heavy loads  · Special tread design for better handling  · Wider center Rib for higher initial mileage and read life Renders excellent service and clean casing fetches far better casing Value. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Methodology is a systematized effort to gain new fact and knowledge. The peculiarity of a research lies in its design. First the aim and purpose of research has to be explored. The determination of research methodology is a most important part of it as one has to decide what technique should be adopted. The choice of technique depends upon the scope and the nature of market research. The determination of technique facilities the research program. Question arise which analysis is relevant information and consequently identifying and solving problems in the field of marketing. While dealing with project I have tried integrate all possible way to find out customer perception and fitment trend of our brand with the help of customer feedback and observation. RESEARCH PROCESS The market research process involves the number of interrelated activities that does not follow particular sequence and often requires few steps ahead. In the project I have carried out an independent survey for the comprehensive study of JK Tyres position in Truck Tyres segment by looking in different brands of tyres used by different customers with the help of fitment survey. I also carried out a survey by making a set questionnaire for consumers to know their perception about the tyre they are using and why do they prefer that brand. Through the questionnaire I came to know what consumer wants from our brand and what are the main reasons for using or not using out brand. RESEARCH DESIGN The research carried out is a descriptive research where the purpose is to ho through an intensive study of the perception of consumers about JK Truck Tyres. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds, to portray accurately the characteristics of particular individual, situation or a group. DESIGNING OF DATA COLLECTION In order to get the information I have to depend on the primary data, for that I have done 1) Finding market share 2) Fitment Survey 3) Consumer survey 4) The methods used for collecting data are; 1) Observation Method 2) Survey Method 3) Questionnaire 4) All the above stated methods were in order to get the data. To find the market share we have visited many transport companies, met with the transport owner and then observed more than 1600 fitments. In fitment survey observation method was used a set of questionnaire which has to be answered by observing the Truck Tyres itself. On the other hand method (With Questionnaire) was used for consumer contact Survey method was based on personal interview to collect detailed information from the customer. A suitable questionnaire was designed through people were comfortable in answering questionnaire was designed through were comfortable in answering questions orally rather than going through people were comfortable in answering questions orally rather than going through a questionnaire. SAMPLING DESIGN After deciding to carry out a field survey, its time for sample design .The survey was the mixture for both 1) Census Survey 2) Sample Survey For consumers contacts census techniques was used. I tried to cover almost all consumers. I have met with 90 customers who have truck vehicles. For the fitment survey it was not practically possible to cover the entire vehicle, hence sample of 230 trucks has been taken. SWOT ANALYSIS 1) Strength 2) Weakness 3) Opportunity 4) Threats STRENGTH 1) JK Tyre has a renowned name. 2) JK Tyre has one its own R D center â€Å"HASETRI† 3) A lot of quality awards are their associated with JK Tyre ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO 9002 4) JK Tyre is Indias only tyre super brand. WEAKNESS 1) After sale service is good enough. 2) Schemes are not attractive. 3) Consumers perception is not strong regarding its performance. 4) Relation of dealers with customers is not good. OPPORTUNITY 1) Lot of potential in the Truck Tyre segment. 2) JK Tyre should try to concentrate on a single aspect of low cost tyre with good quality 3) More consumers awareness should be needed, as JK is one of the oldest tyre manufacturing companies, as new companies are more focused on advertising. 4) JK Tyre should try to capture its lost position by giving more advantages to its customer. THREATS 1) A good numbers of competitors are there in the tyre industry. 2) Tyre companies like Apollo and MRF are stressing on a single agenda, improving quality of tyres. 3) Apollo is totally concentrating on after sales service, while Ceat is concentrating on low price. 4) JK Tyres major competitors in the market like Apollo, MRF, Ceat and Birla are doing aggressive advertising and promoting their products FITMENT TREND OF TRUCK TYRES Fitment survey is conducted with the objective of knowing the position of different companies and their brands along with JK that are get fitted in the Truck tyres. The trend of the tyres are get fitted, company wise as well as Brand wise according to the Fitment Survey for both Front Rear are as follows: I have taken data of 230 trucks, these include 160 six wheelers and 70 ten wheelers. It means 460 front and 1200 Rear Fitment. COMPANY WISE FITMENT (IN FRONT TYRES) MEERUT Apollo: 29.12% JK: 14.10% Birla: 20.16% Ceat: 18.14% MRF: 10.08% OTHERS: 08.40% MEERUT Company wise front fitment: COMPANY WISE FITMENT (FRONT) MEERUT Apollo: 19.12% JK: 14.10% Birla: 20.16% Ceat: 18.14% MRF: 10.08% OTHERS: 08.40% MEERUT COMPANY WISE FITMENT (FRONT) COMPANY WISE FITMENT (IN FRONT TYRES) GHAZIABAD Apollo : 29.42 % JK : 20.16 % Birla : 10.44 % Ceat: 17.18 % MRF : 14.36 % OTHERS : 08.64 % Company wise front fitment Ghaziabad FRONT TYRES COMPANY WISE FITMENT (IN FRONT TYRES) GHAZIABAD Apollo : 29.42 % JK : 20.16 % Birla : 10.44 % Ceat : 17.18 % MRF : 14.36 % OTHERS : 08.64 % COMPANY WISE FITMENT (IN FRONT TYRES) BRAND WISE FITMENT (IN FRONT TYRES) MEERUT BRAND WISE FITMENT (IN FRONT TYRES) MEERUT BRAND WISE FITMENT (IN FRONT TYRES) MEERUT BRAND WISE FITMENT (IN FRONT TYRES) GHAZIABAD KZ-77R 12 AMAR 64 AT-RIB 1 XT-7 8 JET TRAK 5 JET RIB 1 TRAK KING 22 FLEET KING 14 SUPER TRAK KING 1 BT-339 10 BT-369 4 ROAD MILER 4 SUPER MILER XB 15